Winter’s snow and ice may create picturesque landscapes, but they can wreak havoc on pavements. Slippery driveways, parking lots, and sidewalks may become hazardous for property owners, residents, and visitors alike. Deicing, when done effectively and carefully, is key to maintaining concrete and asphalt surfaces while ensuring safety. But did you know improper use of deicers can lead to significant damage over time?
This blog explores pavement salting best practices, the pros and cons of various deicers, and responsible ways to handle pavement care during the freeze-thaw cycles. If you’re a homeowner, property manager, or building owner, read on to discover how to balance safety and pavement longevity.

Understanding Deicers
Before choosing a deicer, it’s important to understand how they work and what’s available. Pavement salts help break the bond between the pavement and ice, turning slippery surfaces into walkable ones. However, not all deicing agents function the same way or are safe for every surface.
Types of Deicers
Here are some common deicers and their characteristics:
1. Rock Salt (Sodium Chloride)
- Pros: Affordable, widely available, and effective at melting ice up to 20°F.
- Cons: Highly corrosive to metal surfaces, harmful to concrete and asphalt over time, and damaging to plants and water sources.
2. Calcium Chloride
- Pros: Works faster than rock salt and is effective in temperatures as low as -25°F.
- Cons: Can cause skin irritation and has a higher cost than rock salt.
3. Magnesium Chloride
- Pros: Less toxic than other options, effective in very low temperatures, and gentler on plants and animals.
- Cons: Slightly less damaging but can still lead to long-term pavement wear.
4. Potassium Chloride
- Pros: Considered safer for the environment and vegetation.
- Cons: Works only in temperatures above 15°F and is not ideal for extremely cold weather.
Environmental and Health Considerations
Deicers often present environmental risks, such as contaminating soil, waterways, and groundwater. Excessive use can also harm plants and wildlife, while some chemicals pose health risks for pets or those handling them. Make sure to check the safety descriptions of any deicer before purchasing and avoid overuse to minimize ecological impact.
Best Practices for Deicing Asphalt and Concrete Pavement
Proper deicing isn’t just about spreading chemicals on your pavement; it’s about using the right approach for safety and longevity.
Pre-Deicing Preparation
- Shovel First: Remove as much snow as possible before applying deicers. This reduces the amount of ice bonding to the surface and minimizes the quantity of deicer you’ll need.
- Inspect Your Pavement: Check for small cracks or damages. Deicers exacerbate these issues, especially during freeze-thaw cycles, so minor repairs beforehand can help.
- Seal Your Pavement: Properly sealed concrete and asphalt are far more resistant to deicing damage. Consider resealing your pavements regularly.
Applying Deicers Effectively
- Follow Manufacturer Guidelines: Every deicer has a recommended application rate; avoid dumping large amounts on trouble spots. Excessive salting not only wastes product but harms the pavement and environment.
- Focus on High-Traffic Areas: Apply deicers where safety is most critical, like stairs, entrances, and pathways. Scatter the product evenly for broad coverage.
- Use the Right Equipment: For larger properties, consider using a broadcast spreader for even application.
Post-Deicing Maintenance
- Scrub Residues: After the ice melts, remove any remaining salt or chemicals with a broom and water to prevent long-term damage.
- Inspect for Damage: Look for signs of wear, such as cracking or discoloration, which might indicate overuse of deicers.
- Reapply Safely: Only reapply if absolutely necessary. Excessive deicer can do more harm than good.
Potential Damages Caused By Deicing Agents
Improper use of deicers can unintentionally cause harm, particularly to concrete and asphalt surfaces. Here’s what to look out for.
Common Damages
- Spalling in Concrete: Deicing products can cause the surface of concrete to flake and chip off. This is often exacerbated during freeze-thaw cycles.
- Cracking in Asphalt: Over time, deicers seep into small cracks and expand as the water freezes and thaws, causing further breakdown.
- Corrosion of Reinforcing Materials: Salt-based deicers can corrode exposed steel reinforcements in concrete, leading to structural weaknesses.
Signs of Deicer Damage
- Uneven surface flaking (spalling).
- Discoloration or staining of pavement.
- Widening of small cracks.
- Pitting or holes in the pavement surface.
Alternatives to Traditional Deicers
For property owners concerned about environmental impact or pavement longevity, there are alternatives to traditional chemical deicers.
Eco-Friendly and Chemical-Free Alternatives
- Sand or Gravel: While these don’t melt ice, they provide traction and reduce the need for chemical deicers.
- Beet Juice Blends: Some cities and businesses use beet juice-based solutions, known for being more effective and less damaging than chlorides.
- Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA): Manufactured with less harmful materials, CMA works well without damaging surfaces.
DIY Deicing Solutions
- Baking Soda: Mild but effective for small areas like steps and walkways.
- Vinegar and Water Mixture: A diluted solution can break down thin ice, though it’s best for light frost.
- Kitty Litter: This doesn’t melt ice but can significantly improve footing during slippery conditions.
Conclusion
Using deicers responsibly is about striking the right balance between safety and pavement care. By learning the differences between products and following deicing best practices, you can protect your concrete and asphalt from damage, reduce environmental impact, and ensure safe passage for everyone during winter months.
Ready to equip your Indy commercial property with high quality pavements that withstand the harsh winter conditions? Contact ACI Asphalt and Concrete at 317-549-1833 for licensed, bonded, and insured commercial pavement repair and installation for asphalt and concrete in Indianapolis and surrounding townships. Request a free estimate, today!
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What You Need to Know About Salting Your Pavements
What You Need to Know About Winterizing Your Pavement
Will Salt Damage Asphalt Pavement?